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A pronounced sensations of cold and sensitivity to cold environments. Withheat effusion, it is a sign of wind-cold; without heat effusion, it is associated with cold arising from within due to yáng qì vacuity. External cold striking the bowels and viscera directly can also manifest in aversion to cold without heat effusion, in which case it is accompanied by cold signs in the affected area such as cold stomach duct pain and clear-grain diarrhea. Compare aversion to wind; fear of cold; abhorrence of cold; shivering.

Etymology

Chinese: 恶 wù, averse (aversion) to (otherwise read as ě; see nausea); 寒 hán, cold.

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