Disharmony of qì and blood

Any failure in the mutually complementary relationship of qì and blood. Qì is the commander of the blood, whereas blood is the mother of qì. Disease of qì affects the blood, whereas blood disease affects qì. Qì stagnation can cause blood stasis. Qì counterflow can cause blood counterflow manifesting in blood ejection, expectoration of blood, or spontaneous external bleeding. When qì is vacuous, it can fail to contain blood, giving rise to bloody stool, bloody urine, menstrual irregularities, uterine blood, or subcutaneous bleeding. In clinical practice, enduring pain, reverse flow, menstrual irregularities and chronic hemorrhage are usually associated with disharmony of qì and blood.