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Alternate Chinese names: 四叶参 sì yè shēn; 奶参 nǎi shēn; 乳薯 rǔ shǔ; 牛奶子 niú nǎi zǐ; 奶奶头 nǎi nǎi tóu; 通乳草 tōng rǔ cǎo; 白河车 bái hé chē

Kingdom: Plant

Origin in unofficial sources: Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook

Use: Medicinal

Properties: Acrid; balanced; nontoxic*.

Actions and indications: Disperses swelling, resolves toxin, and expels pus; dispels phlegm and promotes lactation. Treats pulmonary welling-abscesses (fèi yōng); mammary welling-abscesses (rǔ yōng); intestinal welling-abscesses (cháng yōng); toxin swellings; scrofula; scant breast milk; vaginal discharge.

Dosage and method: Oral: (15–45g dried, 45–120g fresh). Topical: Apply crushed.

Production area: Hēilóngjiāng, Guǎngxī, Zhèjiāng, Jiāngxī, Fújiàn.

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