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Also qì-gong. Exercises consisting in controlling respiration and calming the mind and having the ultimate goal of improving physical health, mental alertness, and preventing and treating disease. Nowadays, a broad distinction is made between quiescent qì cultivation (静功 jìng gōng) and a ctive qì cultivation (动功 dòng gōng). Quiescent qì cultivation consists in breathing exercises in lying, sitting, or standing posture aimed at regulating and containing true qì. Active qì cultivation consists in gentle rhythmical movements and self massage.

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