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Also blood pattern. Any manifestation of disease in the blood. Below is a brief description of the major blood disease patterns, with links to entries that provide more detail.

Blood vacuity (血虚 xuè xū): Pale lips; pale or withered-yellow complexion; dizzy head and flowery vision; heart palpitation and insomnia; pale tongue; and fine pulse. It is caused by loss of blood; failure of spleen qì to produce blood; enduring illness or taxation of the spirit; blood stasis preventing new blood from being engendered.

Blood dryness (血燥 xuè zào) is a variant form of blood vacuity that occurs when essence-blood is depleted in old age or when nutritional disturbances or stating blood binding internally reduce the nutritive power of the blood. Blood dryness manifests in emaciation, rough dry skin, in serious cases encrusted skin, brittle nails, lusterless hair, hard stool, and dry tongue. See also blood desiccation.

Blood cold (血寒 xuè hán): Localized severe cold pain relieved by warmth, possibly with swelling and green-blue or purple coloration of the skin. It is caused by externally contracted cold evil or vacuity cold arising internally.

Blood desertion (血脱 xuè tuō): somber-white facial complexion that is sheenless and perished, as well as dizziness and flowery vision, heart palpitation or fearful throbbing, shortness of breath and faint breathing, cold limbs, clouding reversal and loss of consciousness. The tongue is pale; the pulse is empty and vacuous, or scallion-stalk, or faint and fine, verging on expiration. It results from insufficiency of the congenital constitution, anxiety, taxation fatigue, sexual taxation, damage by food and liquor, or massive or chronic loss of blood.

Bleeding (出血 chū xuè): Bleeding is attributable to several causes: external injury; blood stasis; qì vacuity; blood heat. When not attributable to external injury, it takes the form of nosebleed; coughing of blood; vomiting of blood; bloody urine; bloody stool; flooding and spotting; spontaneous external bleeding from the flesh.

Blood stasis (血瘀 xuè yū): Localized stabbing pain that refuses pressure, hard lumps, stasis speckles on the tongue. It is caused by qì stagnation or qì vacuity preventing adequate propulsion of the blood; phlegm or cold obstructing the blood; heat boiling the blood; damage to the vessels through external injury. See also blood stagnation.

Blood heat (血热 xuè rè): Acute copious bleeding with bright colored blood; maculopapular eruptions; sores; vexation and agitation. It is caused by externally contracted heat; heat that arises when external evils transform into heat as they pass into the exterior; heat that arises when depressed qì transforms into fire; or vacuity heat attributable to yīn vacuity.

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