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Four innovative medical scholars of the Jīn-Yuán period (1115‒1368 CE).

• Liú Wán-Sù (刘完素) advocated the use of cold and cool medicinals.
• Zhāng Cóng-Zhèng (张从正), stressed the use of offensive treatment (sweating, ejection, and precipitation).
• Lǐ Gǎo (李杲) developed the idea of treating illness through the spleen and stomach.
• Zhū Zhèn-Hēng (朱震亨) championed the notion that yáng is often superabundant, while yīn is often insufficient (阳常有余，阴常不足) and initiated the yīn-enriching school. This was further developed by Wàn Quán into notion that in children liver is often superabundant, the spleen is often insufficient, the heart is often superabundant, while the lung and kidney are often insufficient.

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