External use

Topical application of medicinals. Medicinals for external use are used to treat welling-abscesses, flat-abscesses, boils, clove sores, lichen, scab, and other lesions of the skin and flesh. There are two categories: a) Toxin-attacking, worm-killing, and itch-relieving medicinals include realgar (Realgar, 雄黄 xióng huáng), sulfur (Sulphur, 石硫黄 shí liú huáng), alum (Alumen, 白矾 bái fán), and cnidium seed (Cnidii Fructus, 蛇床子 shé chuáng zǐ). b) Toxin-drawing, putridity-transforming, and flesh-engendering medicinals include calomel (Calomelas, 轻粉 qīng fěn), calamine (Calamina, 炉甘石 lú gān shí), borax (Borax, 硼砂 péng shā), and camphor (Camphora, 樟脑 zhāng nǎo).