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In the five phases, the spleen belongs to earth and the kidney belongs to water. Normally, the spleen restrains the fluids and ensures their normal movement and transformation, thereby preventing diseases characterized by the flooding of water. When spleen-earth is weak, it fails to restrain water-damp, causing water swelling or phlegm-rheum.

Note: Water in this context refers to fluid in the body rather than to the kidney, the viscus belonging to water in the doctrine of the five phases.

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