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Latin pharmacognostic name: Nitrum

Alternate Chinese names: 火消 huǒ xiāo; 火硝 huǒ xiāo; 焰消 yàn xiāo; 焰硝 yàn xiāo; 消石 xiāo shí; 银硝 yín xiāo; 化金石 huà jīn shí

Kingdom: Mineral

Use: Medicinal

Category: External-use agents / Toxin-attacking, worm-killing, and itch-relieving agents

Properties: Bitter and salty; cold; toxic.

Channel entry: Heart, spleen, and lung channels.*

Indications:

• Attacks toxin and disperses swelling: Sores, boils, and toxin swellings; red eyes; throat impediment (hóu bì).
• Disinhibits urine and precipitates: Strangury with rough painful urination; jaundice.
• Breaks hardness and disperses accumulation: Sudden turmoil (cholera) or sand distension (shā zhàng) with abdominal pain.

  Dosage & Method: Oral: Use in powders or pills (1.5–3g). Topical: Grind to make eye medication or laryngeal insufflation.

  Warnings: Contraindicated in pregnancy and in general physical weakness.

  Product Area: Shāndōng, Jiāngsū, Húnán, Húběi, Sìchuān, Guìzhōu.

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